A. The Nature of The Elephant
The Sumatran Elephant / Elephas maximus sumatrensis is one of Asia's elephant subspecies that have habitat on the island of Sumatra and become the largest mammal in Indonesia. Weight can reach 4-6 tons. Its height reaches 3.5 m on the shoulder. The elephant has a long trunk, which is a modification of the upper lip and nose, its ears are large and wide. Male elephants have a pair of ivory that extends forward, whereas female elephants generally have no ivory, if they are likely to be very short in size. The skin is not overgrown by hairs, only certain parts like the top of the head, neck and tail tip. The color of the skin is gray to black. Her skin looks brighter than any other Asian elephant. In the ears are often seen de pigmentation, looks like a reddish white spots. African, male and female elephants all have ivory. Another striking feature on the Sumatran elephant's forehead has two bulges while African elephants tend to be flat. The ears of the Sumatran elephants are smaller and triangular while the African ears are large and boxy. The female elephant will be married at the age of 9 years or older. Length of pregnancy (gestation) 18-22 months. One baby Sumatran elephant was born in Bali, Sunday (22/1/2017) at 23.30, female sex, 96 kg weight and 89 cm long. The distance between the birth of an elephant child in the same parent is about 4 years. The age of elephants averages up to 70 years.
Elephants live in clusters led by the oldest female elephant. Number of members per group of 10-30. They are migratory, migrating from one place to another to search for sources of feed and mating. Elephants are a large mammal species that easily adapt to human life so that we can meet elephants as workers in the plantation logging.
In the original habitat elephants eat various types of parts of trees such as skin, twigs, leaves, flowers and fruit, as well as shrubs and grass plants. Because of its high memory, the elephant is able to recognize its feed plants that are naturally also used as a medicine.
The Sumatran elephants live in an environment that varies from the lowlands, mountains, grasslands, and spread over the island of Sumatra. The Sumatran elephant is an 'umbrella species' for its habitat and represents the biodiversity within the complex ecosystems in which it lives. Thus conservation of elephants will help maintain biodiversity and ecological integrity in their ecosystems, thereby ultimately helping to save other small species. In one day, elephants consume about 150 kg of food and 180 liters of water and require a cruising area of up to 20 square kilometers per day. The seeds of the plants in this large mammal droppings will spread throughout the forest area it passes and help the natural forest regeneration process.
B. Elephant conservation centers in Sumatra:
1. Tangkahan, North Sumatra Province
2. Seblat, Bengkulu Province.
3. Minas, Riau Province
4. Duri, Riau Province
5. Way Kambas, Lampung Province
6. Saree, Aceh Province
7. Padang Sugihan, South Sumatra Province
Elephant population in Indonesia 1.328 (male 474 and 854 female). The Government has made efforts to increase the elephant population, such as: surveys and monitoring of the number, distribution, genetic diversity of the elephant population, and the dissemination campaign of knowledge about elephants to the community. Efforts to preserve elephant habitat are also done through development coordination in favor of preservation of elephant populations, handling human and elephant ecological, economic and social conflict, as well as law enforcement of elephant hunting and illegal elephant ivory trade.
PLG in addition to the elephant conservation center, is also a very interesting tourist attraction. In the Elephant Training Center (PLG) Seblat visitors will be treated to various types of elephant attractions are quite fascinating. In the hands of experienced trainers, the wild elephants were transformed into tame and intelligent animals capable of understanding human instruction. For visitors who first visited this area, would be amazed to see the elephants are able to perform attractions such as carrying people, dance, giving flower, carry flags, guess numbers / letters, play football, marching, dating elephant (Male elephant carrying umbrella and female elephant hug), and others.
Tourists can do tracking activities around the hills, through the forest with elephants ride, bathe the elephant, or swim in the river. As an example in PLG Tangkahan, North Sumatra Province.To do these activities, tourists who come must go to the Tangkahan Visitor Center to see the tour packages offered. For example, for a family track with a distance of 2.2 km and taken 2.5 hours valued Rp 694 400 for two people, while youth tracks priced Rp 1,108,800 for three people.
For bathing the elephant is charged Rp 250,000 per person, while full day track plus caving and tubing is charged Rp 1.716.000 for three people.
For those who want to camp in the jungle jungle while viewing the animals, there is a jungle track package 2 days 1 night for Rp 4.917.000 for three people and package jungle track 4 days 3 nights for Rp 10,374,000 for three people.
See more at:
http://mediaindonesia.com/news/read/89074/populasi-gajah-di-indonesia-tinggal-1-328-ekor/2017-01-24#sthash.22YPfLhd.dpuf
http://www.tripriau.com/1081/melihat-aktivitas-gajah-di-pusat-latihan-gajah-plg-minas.html
http://srisuciningtyasardi.blogspot.co.id/2014/06/teks-deskripsi-mengenai-gajah.html
https://wisatasumatera.wordpress.com/wisata-bengkulu/pusat-latihan-gajah-seblat/
http://www.wwf.or.id/program/spesies/gajah_sumatera/
https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taman_Nasional_Way_Kambas
http://www.beritasatu.com/food-travel/264862-mencecap-keindahan-alam-di-tangkahan.html
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